One of the important – and pressing – emerging issues with regards to HIV-AIDS is focused on assessing ‘what happens’ to someone’s mental health immediately after they are told that they are HIV positive. In low and middle income countries, HIV-AIDS Counselling can tend to focus on rather general psychosocial support, while a growing volume of research is starting to indicate that highly specific support might very well be needed in a significant number of cases. This again shows the importance of ensuring that people who are diagnosed with HIV-AIDS are provided with the most appropriate support – even more so given that, thanks to medical advances, people living with HIV-AIDS are expected to live increasingly long lives